مهندسی زراعی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

ارزیابی برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مؤثر بر قابلیت نگهداشت آب در سری-های غالب خاک‌های آهکی استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 هیات علمی بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

3 کارشناس بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

شناخت ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و هیدرولیکی خاک نقش مهم و تعیین‌کننده‌ای در مدیریت مصرف آب دارد. این پژوهش به منظور تعیین ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی مؤثر بر قابلیت نگهداشت آب در خاک در سری‌های غالب خاک‌های آهکی استان خوزستان انجام شد. بر این اساس در نه سری غالب خاک، ویژگی‌هایی همچون بافت، جرم مخصوص ظاهری، منحنی مشخصه آب خاک، هدایت الکتریکی ، واکنش خاک و درصد آهک اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد شوری خاک در دامنه 47-43/2 دسی‌زیمنس درمتر، شن 40- 18، سیلت 50-32 و رس 44-20 درصد، آهک 60-48 درصد و جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک در دامنه 52/1- 14/1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب متغیر بود. خاک‌های مورد مطالعه دارای بافت متوسط تا سنگین بوده و تغییرات رطوبت حجمی در نقطه زراعی و پژمردگی دائم به ترتیب 56-32درصد و 26-16 درصد متغیر بود. بیش‌ترین مقدار شوری خاک به‌ترتیب در سری‌های خاک جنوب شرق اهواز، جنوب اهواز، خرمشهر 2 و خرمشهر 1 مشاهده شد. نمونه خاک سری جنوب اهواز با بیش‌ترین مقدار جرم مخصوص ظاهری خاک (g cm-3 52/1) و شوری بالا (dS m-1 5/33) بیش-ترین مقدار پارامتر n معادله ون‌گنوختن را داشت که نشان‌دهنده توزیع یکنواخت‌تر اندازه منافذ در سری خاک مذکور می‌باشد. علی‌رغم توانایی زیاد سری خاک خرمشهر 2 در نگهداشت آب در خاک (cm3 cm-3 30/0)، براساس ضرایب معادله ون‌گنوختن می‌توان بیان نمود که احتمالاً این سری خاک دارای محدودیت شدید تهویه می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که شوری و تراکم خاک از ویژگی‌های مهم و مؤثر بر توانایی نگهداری رطوبت خاک در سری‌های خاک مورد مطالعه بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of some effective soil physical and chemical properties on soil water retention in dominant calcareous soil series in Khuzestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. R. Jafarnejadi 1
  • S. M. H. Mousavifazl 2
  • M. javadzadeh 3

1 Associate Professor, Soil and Water Research Dept., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz Iran

2 Academic Member, Soil and Water Research Dept., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz Iran

3 Expert, Soil and Water Research Dept., Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction In spite of problems in providing timely and adequate water supply, the inefficient water use efficiency in agriculture as the most important consumer of freshwater is one of the most important challenges and issues in the agriculture. The knowledge of soil physical properties and water retention have main rolled on soil water application management. This research was conducted to determine the soil physical and chemical properties affecting the soil water retention capacity in calcareous soils series in Khuzestan province.
Materials and Methods From the nine dominant series in the different regions, five disturbed soil samples and the same number of undisturbed soils were collected from 0-20 cm depth. Soil physical properties including soil texture, bulk density were measured. Moreover, soil water characteristic curve was measured at five points (0, 330, 1000, 5000 and 15000 cm) using pressure plate and pressure membrane devices. The van Genuchten equation was fitted on the measured soil water characteristic curve data. In addition to soil physical and hydrological properties, soil salinity as electrical conductivity (EC), pH and lime (TNV) were also measured.
Results and Discussion The results showed that the soil pH varied in the range of 7.1 - 7.6, EC variation range was 2.43 - 47 dS m-1, sand, silt and clay contents varied in ranges of 18 - 40%, 32 - 50% and 20 - 44 %, respectively, TNV was 48 – 60 % and the values of soil bulk density were in the range of 1.14 - 1.52 g cm-3. The studied soils were calcareous (TNV value of all studied series was more than 45 %) and had moderate to heavy texture including loam (55 % of studied soil series), silty clay loam (23 %), clay loam (11 %) and clay (3 %). The water content at field capacity (corresponding of soil suction of 330 cm) and permanent wilting point (corresponding of soil suction of 15000 cm) varied from 32 to 56 % and 16 to 26 %, respectively. There are significant correlation between clay content with the soil moisture at both field capacity and permanent wilting point. The most salinity was observed in south east of Ahvaz (loam), south Ahvaz (loam), Khoramshahr 2 (clay) and Khoramshahr 1 (loam) series. The values of soil available water in studied calcareous series were varied as Khorramshahr 2 (0.30 cm3 cm-3) > Ahvaz-Hamidiyeh (0.22 cm3 cm-3) > Khorramshahr 1 (0.189 cm3 cm-3) > Ramhormoz-Rustamabad 1 (0.177 cm3 cm-3) > Ramhormoz-Bazidi (0.165 cm3 cm-3) > South of Ahwaz (0.16 cm3 cm-3) > South east of Ahwaz (0.134 cm3 cm-3) > Ramhormoz- Rustam Abad 2 (0.119 cm3 cm-3) > Shadegan (0.102 cm3 cm-3). The results showed that van Genuchten equation had suitable fit on studied soils of dominant calcareous series. The studied soil samples from the south of Ahvaz with the highest bulk density (1.55 g cm-3) and high salinity (33.5 dS m-1) had the highest value of the van-Genuchten parameter (n) which indicates more uniform distribution of the soil pore volume. In spite of the high ability of Khorramshahr 2 series in soil water retention, based on the coefficients of van Genuchten equation and measured soil water characteristic curve, it can be argued that this soil probably has severe aeration limitation.
Conclusion The result showed that salinity and bulk density were important properties that affect the ability of soil water retention and availability in the studied soil series. Extensive water retention capacity in the soil (10 to 30 %) indicates the need for different irrigation management operations in each of the studied soil series. The highest value of soil densities were observed in south of Ahvaz, Ramhormoz-Bazidi and Khorramshahr series, indicating soil degradation in studied areas due to inappropriate cultivation management practices. Moreover, the results showed that the experimental parameters of the van Genuchten equation have a physical concept and can be found useful information on the soil ability to water retention and some other soil physical properties. The results of this research confirmed that there is a significant difference in the ability of soil water retention in the dominant calcareous soils series of Khuzestan province which indicates the necessity of proper understanding of soil hydraulic properties for irrigation management in farms, increasing water use efficiency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Field capacity
  • Soil density
  • Soil water characteristic curve
مراجع
  1. Abbasi, F. 2007. Advance Soil Physics. Astan Ghods Razavi publication. 250 (In Persian).
  2. Alizadeh, A. 2004. Astan Ghods Razavi publication. 250 (In Persian).
  3. Barbour, S.L. 1998. Nineteenth Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: The Soil Water Characteristic Curve: A Historical Perspective. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 35: 873–894.
  4. Bengough, A.G., Bransby, M.F., Hans, J., McKenna, S.J., Roberts, T.J., Valentine, T.A. 2006. Root responses to soil physical conditions; growth dynamics from field to cell. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57: 437–447.
  5. Beutler, A.N., Centurion, J.F., Centurion, M.A.P.C., Freddi, O.S., Sousaneto, E.L., Leonel, C.L., and Dasilva, A.P. 2007. Traffic soil compaction of an Oxisol related to soybean development and yield. Scientia Agricola, 64: 608- 615.
  6. Botula, Y.D., Cornelis, W.M., Baert, G., and Van Ranst, E. 2012. Evaluation of pedotransfer functions for predicting water retention of soils in Lower Congo (D.R.Congo). Agricultural Water Management, 111: 1–12.
  7. Bybrodi, M. 2004. Soil Physics. 7th Edition. Tehran university publication. 690 (In Persian).
  8. Campbell, G.S.A. 1974. Simple method for determining unsaturated conductivity from moisture retention data. Soil Science Journal, 117: 311-314.
  9. da Silva, A.P., Kay, B.D., Perfect, E. 1994. Characterization of the least limiting water range of soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 58: 1775-1781.
  10. Dane, J.H. and Hopmans, J.W. 2002. Pressure cell. In: J.H. Dane and G.C. Topp, (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4, Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series. (pp. 684–688). Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
  11. Dexter, A.R. 2004. Soil physical quality. Part I: Theory, effects of soil texture, density, and organic matter, and effects on root growth. Geoderma, 120: 201-214.
  12. Fredlund, D.G. and Xing, A. 1994. Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31: 521-532.
  13. Glor, R.E., Flecker, A.S., Benard, M.F., and Power, A.G. 2001. Lizard diversity and agricultural disturbance in a Caribbean forest landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation, 10: 711-723.
  14. Grossman, R.B. and Reinsch, T.G. 2002. Bulk density and linear extensibility. In: J.H. Dane and G.C. Clake (ed.), Methods of soil analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods: SSSA Book Series (no. 5). (pp. 201-228). Madison, Wisconsin: USA.
  15. Kiatkamjornwong, S. 2007. Superabsorbent Polymers and Superabsorbent Polymer Composites. Scienceasia, 33 (1): 39-43.
  16. Manyame, C., Morgan, C.L., Heilman, J.L., Fatondji, D., Gerad, B. and Payne, W.A. 2007. Modeling hydraulic properties of sandy soils of Niger using pedotransfer functions. Geoderma, 141: 407-415.
  17. Meskini-Vishkaee, F.M., Mohammadi, M.H., Neyshabouri, M.R. 2018. Revisiting the wet and dry ends of soil integral water capacity using soil and plant properties. Soil Research, 56(4): 331-345.
  18. Moebius, B.N., van Es, H.M., Schindelbeck, R.R., Idowu, O.J., Clune, D.J. and Thies, J.E. 2007. Evaluation of laboratory-measured soil properties as indicatore of soil physical quality. Soil Science, 172(11): 895-912.
  19. Page, A.L., R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part II, Physical properties, ASA, SSSA, Madison, WI.
  20. Péron, H., Hueckel, T. and Laloui. L. 2007. An improved volume measurement for determining soil water retention curves. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 30 (1): 1-8.
  21. Rajab, R.R.R., Hellal, F.A., and Abdu El-Hady, M. 2008. Irrigation water salinity effects on some soil water constants and plant. Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, Alexandria, Egypt.
  22. Rajkaiv, K., Kabos, S. and van Genuchten, M.Th. 2004. Estimating the water retention curve from Soil properties: comparison of linear, nonlinear and concomitant variable methods. Soil and Tillage Research, 79:145-152.
  23. Rezaee, L., Moosavi, A.A., Davatgar, N. and Shabanpor Shahrestani, M. 2017. Comparison of different soil water retention curve models for evaluation of soil quality index (S) in paddy soils. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 31(4): 509-524. (In Persian)
  24. Richards, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Sodic Soils. USDA Agric. Handb. 60. USDA, Washington, DC.
  25. Safadous, A., Dashtpeyma, B., Mosaddeghi, M. R. and Asgarzadeh, H. 2018. Effects of Irrigation water quality on some soil physical indicators. Applied Soil Research, 6 (2): 58-69 (In Persian).
  26. Sillers, W.S., Fredlund, D.G. and Zakerzadeh, N. 2001. Mathematical attributes of some soil-water characteristic curve models. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 19: 243-283.
  27. van Genuchten, M.Th. 1980. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44: 892- 898.
  28. Veihmeyer, F.J. and Hendrickson, A.H. 1927. The relation of soil moisture to cultivation and plant growth. Proceeding the 1st International Congress of Soil Science, 3: 498–513.
  29. Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-38.
مهندسی زراعی
دوره 42، شماره 3
آبان 1398
صفحه 33-47
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار