مهندسی زراعی

ارزیابی غلظت و شاخص‌های آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک سطحی اراضی کشاورزی برخی مناطق استان اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

شهربانو جورکش ورنوسفادرانی 1
محمد حسن صالحی 2
رضا مهاجر 3

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

https://doi.org/10.22055/agen.2026.52581.1818
چکیده
یکی از مشکلات آلودگی خاک، فلزات سنگین است. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی آلودگی خاک‌های برخی از اراضی کشاورزی استان اصفهان به فلزات سنگین کادمیم، سرب، مس، نیکل، روی، آرسنیک و آهن است. به همین منظور 90 نمونه از خاک سطحی اراضی کشاورزی مناطقی از شهرستان‌های خمینی‌شهر (20)، اصفهان (16)، فلاورجان (19)، لنجان (19) و اردستان (16) برداشت و بعد از آماده‌سازی با اسید نیتریک 4 مولار عصاره گیری شد. غلظت فلزات سنگین توسط دستگاه ICP-MASS تعیین شد. میانگین غلظت کل فلزات کادمیم، سرب، مس، نیکل، روی، آرسنیک و آهن در نمونه‌های خاک استان اصفهان (کل منطقه) به ترتیب 28/1، 09/34، 57/20، 29/59، 41/88، 77/27 و39/31511 (میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. ضریب همبستگی مثبت معنی‌داری بین تمام عناصر به‌جز آهن وجود داشت که ممکن است ناشی از منبع مشترک این عناصر باشد. میانگین سرب، روی و کادمیم در شهرستان اصفهان با سه شهرستان تفاوت معنی‌داری دارد که می‌تواند ناشی از وجود معدن سرب و روی باما و کارخانه سیمان و همچنین ترافیک بیشتر وسایل نقلیه باشد. همچنین شهرستان اردستان ازنظر آرسنیک نسبت به دیگر شهرستان‌ها آلودگی بالاتری نشان داد، احتمالاً این عنصر می‌تواند منشأ زمین‌شناسی در این منطقه داشته باشد. مقادیر فاکتور غنی‌شدگی نشان داد که خاک‌های منطقه برای عناصر کادمیم (64/16 تا 80/34)، سرب (92/2 تا 06/13) و آرسنیک (09/16 تا 28/247) غنی‌شدگی قابل‌توجه تا زیاد دارند. با توجه به نتایج زمین انباشتگی مشخص شد که عناصر کادمیم و آرسنیک در کل منطقه آلودگی متوسط تا شدید دارند. همچنین در شهرستان اصفهان نتایج شاخص زمین انباشتگی نشان داد که عناصر سرب و روی دارای آلودگی متوسط تا شدید می‌باشند. شاخص ریسک اکولوژیکی در کل منطقه (00/192) و شهرستان‌ها برای عنصر کادمیم بالاتر بود که نشان می‌دهد این عنصر تحت تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانی است. این یافته‌ها بر ضرورت پایش مستمر فلزات سنگین در خاک و توجه هم‌زمان به منابع انسان‌زاد و طبیعی در مدیریت آلودگی مناطق موردمطالعه تأکید دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

فلزات سنگین
خاک
فاکتور غنی‌شدگی
زمین انباشتگی
شاخص ریسک اکولوژیکی
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment and Indicators of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Topsoil in Regions of Isfahan Province

نویسندگان English

Sh. jorkesh Varnoosfaderani 1
M.H. Salehi 2
R. Mohajer 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction:One of the problems of soil pollution is heavy metals.Heavy metals cause significant and serious pollution in many large cities.They may cause permanent damage to the ecosystem and humans.Excessive accumulation of heavy metals in soil and plants poses risks to human health.Therefore, accurate knowledge of heavy metals such as their levels and sources of pollution is essential.The aim of this study is to investigate the pollution of soils in some agricultural lands of Isfahan province with heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, copper, nickel, zinc, arsenic and iron.





 Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 90 samples of agricultural topsoil were collected from areas of Khomeini Shahr, Isfahan, Falavarjan, Lenjan and Ardestan counties, and all samples were placed in polyethylene bags and transported to the laboratory. First, the soil samples were air-dried, then passed through a 2 mm sieve. Then, they were extracted with 4 M nitric acid. The concentration of heavy metals were determined by ICP-MASS. Descriptive statistics parameters including mean, maximum, minimum, skewness and kurtosis of the studied heavy metal concentrations were determined by SPSS software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test normality and since the data were not normally distributed, Spearman correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between trace elements. A significance level of pZn>Ni>Pb>As>Cu>Cd. There was a significant positive correlation coefficient between all elements except iron, which may be due to the common source of these elements. The average of lead, zinc and cadmium in Isfahan city with the other three cities was significantly higher than in other study areas, which could be due to the presence of the Bama lead and zinc mine and the cement factory, as well as more vehicle traffic. Also, Ardestan city showed higher arsenic pollution than other cities, which is likely to have a geological origin in this area. The enrichment factor values ​​showed that the soils of the region have significant to high enrichment for cadmium, lead and zinc elements. According to the geoaccumulation results, it was determined that cadmium and arsenic elements have moderate to severe pollution in the entire region. Also, in Isfahan city, the geoaccumulation index results showed that lead and zinc elements have moderate to severe pollution. The ecological risk index was higher for cadmium in the entire region and cities, which indicates that this element is affected by human activities.





 Conclusion: The entry of heavy metals into the human body through consumption of plants, livestock, inhalation and skin contact has harmful toxic effects, and these effects are intensified as these elements accumulate in the human body over time. Therefore, it is suggested that the amount of these metals (especially arsenic) in dust, plants, livestock and humans be investigated.





 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Heavy metals
Soil
Enrichment Factor
Land Accumulation
Ecological Risk Index
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مهندسی زراعی
دوره 49، شماره 3
مهر
پاییز 1405
صفحه 295-279

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