M. Zare; M. Chorom; N. Moallemi
Volume 1.32, مجموعه مقالات منتشر شده در حوزه مهندسی زراعی قبل از تفکیک مجله علمی کشاورزی در سالهای 1354 تا 1388 , February 1976, , Pages 1-15
Abstract
Release of urban sewage in the environment is considered a serious problem to the environment and human health while its use in agriculture is recommended as a rich fertilizer in organic matter and major nutrients affecting plant growth. In this study, the use of treated urban sewage sludge, as a cheap ...
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Release of urban sewage in the environment is considered a serious problem to the environment and human health while its use in agriculture is recommended as a rich fertilizer in organic matter and major nutrients affecting plant growth. In this study, the use of treated urban sewage sludge, as a cheap organic fertilizer, a reproducible source in the nature and a municipal waste on the chemical properties of soil and essential nutrients of olive plant and soil alone and in combination with chemical fertilizer, was investigated. This study was conducted at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz greenhouse with 12 treatments and 3 replications within six months. Effects of sewage sludge, chemical fertilizer and combined effects on various parameters such as ECe, pH, organic matter content and essential nutrients of olive plant and soil and olive physiological characteristics were determined. Soil nutrient concentrations and physiological function of olive plants subjected to sewage sludge increased, and soil pH significantly decreased. The effect of sewage sludge and fertilizer on the vegetative components of the olive plant, including number of lateral branches, number of new leaves, height and leaf dry weight, significantly increased. Sewage sludge improved some soil chemical properties. 150 tons of sewage sludge per hectare without fertilizer treatment had the best effect on the properties of olive plants and soil. Sewage sludge increased the number of leaf, leaf area and organic matter content about twice times comparing with blank treatment but decreased 0.4 unit pH. Effect of sewage sludge on soil potassium content was fewer than P and N.
Precision Agriculture
ُseyyed Mohammad Mousavai; Hojat Emami; Gholam Hosain Haghnia
Abstract
Extended abstractIntroductionKnowledge about the soil quality in agriculatral lands and natural resources is essential for achievement the best management and maximum economic efficiency. The land use change is the important human activity in environmental ecosystems, which effect on some soil processes ...
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Extended abstractIntroductionKnowledge about the soil quality in agriculatral lands and natural resources is essential for achievement the best management and maximum economic efficiency. The land use change is the important human activity in environmental ecosystems, which effect on some soil processes such as microbial activity, mineralization of carbon and nitrogen content. In addition, land use has an important role on temporal and spatial variation of soil properties and quality. Agricultural practices may affect positive or negative effect on soil quality. Intensive cultivation of plants decreases soil physical and quality, as a result of this yield of plants, production efficiency and environment quality decrease. In this research, the effect of three land uses on soil physical, fertility and quality properties were studied. Materials and methodsThe studied area (Hossein abad) is located 30 km far from the northern Nehbandan town (South Khorasan, Iran).To study the effect of land uses change on soil properties were selected three land uses including pomegranate (Punica granatum ), olive (Olea europaea) and wheat (Triticum aestivum ). The 45 soil samples (15 samples from each land use) were taken from surface soil (0-30 cm). Then some soil physical and fertility properties which affect the soil quality were measured and the effect of land use change from wheat cultivation to olive and pomegranate gardens during the recent 20 years were studied. In addition, soil quality in each land use was determined based on cornel university test. To compare soil properties and quality, the randomized complete block design was applied.Results and discussionThe results showed that land use change had a significant effect on organic carbon, mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), water stable aggregates (WSA), macro nutrients (N, P, and K), and some micro nutrients (Fe and Mn) (P < 0.001). Comparison of means demonstrated that the difference between organic carbon content in olive and pomegranate land uses was not significant, and the content of OC in both land uses was significantly higher than wheat land use. Olive and pomegranate land uses cause to stability of soil structure increase, probably due to reduction the traffic of wheals and also somewhat increasing the organic carbon as a result of littering. Therefore, the MWD in olive land use was significantly higher than two land uses and the lowest value was obtained in what land use. Also, the value of WSA in three land uses was significantly different (P < 0.05) and their content in olive and wheat land uses were the maximum and minimum, respectively. The concentration of total nitrogen in pomegranate land use was more significant than two other land uses (P < 0.05). But the concentration of phosphorous (P), potassium (K), Fe and Mn in wheat land use was the highest content and significantly greater than other two land uses. Despite the concentrations of P, K, and Fe nutrients in pomegranate land use were the lowest value, but, there were no significant difference between the concentration of them in olive and pomegranate land uses. It seems that this variation especially P and Fe is probably due to pH and the Ca and Mg concentration and creation insoluble component of Fe, Mn and P in these land uses.According to the results of cornel university test, soil quality in garden land uses was decreased and the range of soil quality score was varied from 49.5 (olive) to 61.2 (wheat). Among the soil properties affecting the soil quality, fertility and chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), absorption sodium ratio (SAR) and somewhat pH of soil saturated extract decreased the soil quality in olive land use. Also, OM, Fe, Zn, and Mn decreased the soil quality in 3 land uses, of course in olive and pomegranate land uses, micro nutrients (Fe and Mn) had the more effect on decreasing the soil quality compared to wheat land use. In addition, bulk density (Bd), mean weight diameter of aggregates (MWD), aeration porosity (AC), P, K, and Cu contents increased soil quality in all 3 land uses.ConclusionIn general, when wheat land use change to olive and pomegranate land uses decreased some soil properties and quality in arid area of Nehbandan, probably due to low quality of irrigation water.
