نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• اسمعیل خالقی ¹
• مهرانگیز چهرازی ¹
• حجت شیرازی ²

¹ دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

² دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

آنتوریوم یکی از مهم‌ترین گل‌های زینتی با تقاضای زیاد بازار در مقیاس جهانی است که فاکتورهای کیفی و کمی این گل می‌تواند تحت تأثیر فاکتورهای زیادی از جمله تغذیه قرار گیرد لذا جهت بررسی کاربرد زغال زیستی (در سه سطح 0، 5 و 10 درصد) و اسیدهیومیک‌ (در سه غلظت 0، 500 و 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) بر ویژگی‌های کمی، کیفی و تغذیه‌ای گل آنتوریوم آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مصرف اسیدهیومیک‏ و زغال زیستی سبب افزایش معنی‌دار وزن تر و خشک ریشه، سطح برگ، طول اسپات، تعداد گل، کلروفیل کل، نیتروژن و پتاسیم گردید. بیشترین وزن تر(62/50 گرم) و خشک (12/5 گرم) ریشه گیاه در اثر کاربرد 10 درصد زغال زیستی همراه با 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسیدهیومیک‌ به دست آمد که نسبت به 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسیدهیومیک بدون زغال زیستی به ترتیب افزایش 75/48 و 20/93 درصدی داشت. همچنین بیشترین تعداد گل و میزان کلروفیل در بالاترین غلظت ‌اسیدهیومیک و زغال زیستی به دست آمد. طی کاربرد اسیدهیومیک‏ طول ساقه گل‌دهنده، نسبت به شاهد افزایش معنی‌داری داشت به طوری که بیشترین میزان طول ساقه گل‌دهنده و طول اسپات در غلظت 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر اسیدهیومیک‌ به دست آمد. به طوری کلی کاربرد اسیدهیومیک‌ و زغال زیستی موجب بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی، کیفی و تغذیه‌ای در گل آنتوریوم گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• اسپات
• پتاسیم
• کربوهیدرات و نیتروژن

موضوعات

• تغذیه گیاه، حاصلخیزی خاک و کودها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Humic Acid and Biochar on the Quantitative, Qualitative, Biochemical and Nutritional Characteristics of Anthurium Plants under Hydroponic Cultivation System

نویسندگان [English]

• Esmaeil Khaleghi ¹
• Mehrangiz Chehrazi ¹
• Hojjat Shirazi ²

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

² Former Master's Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction

Anthurium (Anthurium scherzerianum schott) is one of the most important ornamental plants with beautiful leaves and flowers. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of this flower can be affected by many factors, including the cultivation and feeding system. Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material that is produced during the process of pyrolysis (decomposition of organic materials by heat in the absence of oxygen or a small amount of oxygen). It includes elements such as (Si, P, S, N, H, O, K, alkali cations and heavy metals) with different proportions. In addition, humic acid is used as a biological polymer in the agricultural field to increase the efficiency of cultivation of various plant products, improve the efficiency of fertilizer consumption, the possibility of using it in soilless and greenhouse cultivation environments and increasing the efficiency of water consumption.



Materials and Methods

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar and humic acid on the quantitative, qualitative and nutritional characteristics of anthurium flowers as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2017-2018. In order to perform this experiment, first, Anthurium seedlings were prepared from the Anthurium flower production greenhouse located in Pakdasht Varamin and transferred to the greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Then they were cultivated in 15 liter pots containing cocopeat and perlite in a ratio of 1:1. The treatments included biochar at 3 levels (0%, 5%, and 10% by weight), which was provided to the substrate at the same time as cultivation, and humic acid at 3 concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 mg/liter. The end of experiment, indicators such as fresh and dry weight of roots, root surface, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and carotenoids, total soluble carbohydrates, nitrogen and potassium were measured.



Results and Discussion

The results showed that the use of biochar and humic acid significantly increased the morphological characteristics such as fresh and dry weight of roots, number of leaves, root surface and leaf surface. The highest fresh weight (50.62 grams) and dry weight (5.12 grams) of the root was obtained by using 10% biochar along with 1000 mg/liter of humic acid. There was a significant difference between plants treated with 1000 mg/liter of humic acid and 500 mg/liter of humic acid in all different levels of biochar on leaf number. The highest number of leaves (82.66) in the highest concentration of humic acid and biochar were obtained. The highest number of flowers was obtained at the highest level of humic acid and biochar. Also, biochemical properties such as chlorophyll and carotenoid and nutritional properties such as nitrogen and potassium increased significantly under the influence of treatments. The increase in growth parameters can be due to the effect of these two compounds in increasing the photosynthetic pigments, improving the absorption of water and nutrients, including nitrogen and potassium. Biochar, as a compound resulting from the anaerobic pyrolysis of different biomasses, changes the physical and chemical characteristics of the cultivation environment and increases the capacity to hold water and nutrients, increase total porosity and ventilation porosity, living and non-living biological compounds. On the other hand, humic acid, as a biopolymer, has a high ability to stimulate chemical reactions in the plant environment, especially in the rhizosphere of the plant. It is worth mentioning that the behavior of humic acid as a biopolymer in the plant environment can also affect the secondary metabolites of the plant, which has been reported in various studies for plants.



Conclusion

In general, Mechanisms such as increasing root activity due to increasing cationic capacity, increasing water retention capacity in the culture medium, increasing biological activities in the culture medium during the application of biochar are important and key factors that they can affect the absorption of different nutrients and the biochemical reactions of the rhizosphere environment of the plant. Therefore, the results showed that the consumption of biochar and humic acid significantly increased in vegetative characteristics, reproductive characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and nutritional elements such as nitrogen and potassium. The use of 10% biochar and 1000 mg/liter of humic acid was the most effective treatment in improving the mentioned factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Carbohydrate
• Nitrogen
• Potassium and Spath