نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
چکیده
بیوچار به‌دلیل دارا بودن سطح ویژه بالا، ساختار متخلخل و گروه‌های عامل پیوندی اکسیژنی در سطح آن می‌تواند به‌عنوان ماده اولیه برای تهیه و سنتز کامپوزیت معدنی یا فلزی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. در این کامپوزیت‌ها، از بیوچار به‌عنوان یک ساختار متخلخل خوب برای حمایت و میزبانی فلزات استفاده می‌شود. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی کارایی پلت بیوچارهای غنی شده با روی به دو روش پیش و پس گرماکافت و تأثیر آن-ها بر زیست فراهمی روی در خاک، برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک (کلروفیل a، b و کل) و جذب روی در گندم انجام گرفت. بدین منظور آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه تکرار و با 18 تیمار به اجرا درآمد. فاکتورها شامل سه نوع منبع تأمین کننده روی به صورت مصرف خاکی (سولفات روی، بیوچار غنی از روی به روش پیش گرماکافت و پس گرماکافت)، سه سطح روی (0، 10 و 20 میلی‌گرم روی بر کیلوگرم خاک) و محلول‌پاشی روی (محلول‌پاشی با آب مقطر و سولفات روی 3 در هزار) بود. نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای مورد بررسی باعث افزایش ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک در گیاه گندم شد به نحوه‌ا‌ی که بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل a، b، کل به ترتیب با میانگین 99/4، 36/3 و 35/8 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن تازه گیاه از تیمار پلت بیوچار پیش گرماکافت با غلظت 20 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم همراه با محلول‌پاشی روی بدست آمد. همچنین بیشترین جذب روی در هر دو مرحله ظهور پرچم و مرحله برداشت به ترتیب با میانگین 33/120 و 62/86 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم وزن خشک گیاه از تیمار پلت بیوچار پیش و پس گرماکافت با غلظت 20 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم همراه با محلول‌پاشی روی بدست آمد که نسبت به تیمار 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم همراه با محلول‌پاشی سولفات روی به ترتیب افزایشی معادل با 69/27 و 30 درصد داشت. به طور کلی، نتایج بیانگر نقش مثبت پلت بیوچار- روی در افزایش غلظت و جذب روی درگیاه گندم بود. با این وجود، محلول پاشی تکمیلی روی همراه با پلت بیوچار غنی از روی به مقدار 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم به صورت پیش گرماکافت بیشترین تأثیر را بر ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و زیست فراهمی روی برای گیاه گندم داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of co-application of zinc enriched biochar and foliar application of zinc on some physiological traits and the zinc uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
نویسندگان [English]
- Narges Sousaraei 1
- Mojtaba Barani Motlagh 2
- Seyed Alireza Movahedi Naeini 2
1 PhD Student, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]
Introduction: When the supply of micronutrients needed by the plant is insufficient, not only the yield of the product but also the quality of plant products are affected. Application of organic amendments is one of the ways to increase the nutrients such as zinc uptake by plants for. Biochar can be used as a raw material for the preparation and synthesis of mineral or metal composites due to its high specific surface area, porous structure and oxygen bonding groups on its surface. In these composites, biochar is used as a good porous structure to support and host metals. Biochar can have a significant impact on soil properties, the availability of nutrients, and the dynamics of the nutrients in arid and semi-arid soils, Depending on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions However, very limited studies have examined biochar use as a nutrient carrier in the synthesis of organic-mineral compounds. Therefore, the present study was done to investigate the efficiency of zinc-enriched biochar pellets using two pre-pyrolysis and post- pyrolysis methods, and their effect on some physiological traits (chlorophyll a, b and total) and bioavailability of zinc in soil and plant.
Materials and Methods: A zinc deficiency Soil was collected from 0-30 cm depth under arable lands of Seyed Abad located in Azadshahr township, Golestan Province, Iran. To achieve the objectives of this study, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications and 18 treatments (54 pots in total) was performed in the greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Factors included three types of zinc fertilizers (zinc sulphate, zinc-rich biochar prepared using pre-pyrolysis and post-pyrolysis methods) in three levels (0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 zinc) and foliar spraying (distilled water and 3:1000 zinc). Zinc foliar spraying was done during the 6-10 leaf stage in the early hours of the morning before sunrise. Irrigation and weeding operations were performed manually. At the end of the growing period (vegetative and reproductive), some physiological traits (chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid), concentration and zinc uptake in shoots in the two stages of flag leaf emergence and seed maturity, and available concentration of zinc in the soil after wheat plant harvest were measured. The statistical results of the data were analyzed using SAS software and LSD test (at 5% level) was used for comparing the mean values.
Results and Discussion: Based on the results, the interaction of type and levels of treatments was significant on all the studied traits at P<0.01, except for carotenoid. The means comparison showed that both zinc-enriched biochar pellets and zinc sulfate increased physiological traits in wheat plants. The highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, and total was obtained with an average of 4.99, 3.36, and 8.35 mg g-1 of fresh weight of the plant from the treatment of a pre-pyrolysis pellet with a concentration of 20 mg kg-1 with zinc sulfate foliar spraying, respectively. The highest zinc uptake in both the flag leaf emergence and seed maturity stages was obtained with an average of 120.33 and 86.62 mg kg-1 of dry weight of the plant from the pre and post-pyrolysis pellet treatment with a concentration of 20 mg/kkg with zinc sulfate foliar spraying, which had an increase of 20 mg kg-1 of zinc sulfate foliar spraying, respectively, equivalent to 27.69 and 30%. The pre-pyrolysis pellet treatment with 20 mg kg-1 zinc and zinc sulfate foliar spraying gave the most zinc extracted with DTPA, at an average of 3.41 mg kg-1. This was compared to the 10 mg kg-1 and 0 mg kg-1 pre-pyrolysis biochar pellet treatments, which gave an average of 2.39 mg kg-1 and 0.92 mg kg-1, respectively, which is an increase of 29.91 and 73.02 percent. The amount of DTPA extractable Zn with the amount of chlorophyll a (r = 0.87**), chlorophyll b (r = 0.81**), total chlorophyll (r = 0.87**), and carotenoids (r = 0.89**) had a positive and significant correlation. The results showed that between DTPA extractable Zn with zinc concentration (r = 0.91**) and zinc uptake (r = 0.90**) in the stage of flag emergence and zinc concentration (r = 0.87**) and zinc uptake (r = 0.86**) in the stage of seed maturity in the wheat plant, there was a positive and significant correlation.
Conclusions: In general, the results showed that the positive role of biochar-zinc pellets in increasing the concentration and zinc uptake in wheat plants. Nevertheless, supplemental zinc foliar application with biochar pellets rich in zinc in the amount of 20 mg kg-1 in the form of post-pyrolysis had the greatest effect on the physiological characteristics and Zn bioavailability for wheat plants.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Pellet
- Post- pyrolysis
- Pre- pyrolysis
- Chlorophyll
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