مهندسی زراعی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

تأثیر استفاده ازکمپوست غنی شده با ضایعات آهن و خاک فسفات بر ویژگی‌های رشدی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 استادیار، عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استاد، عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه تأثیر کمپوست غنی شده با ضایعات آهن و خاک فسفات بر گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی، آزمایشی گلدانی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارها در 27 واحد آزمایشی شامل کمپوست غنی شده با ضایعات آهن در سه سطح 0، 5 و 20 درصد و کمپوست غنی شده با خاک فسفات در سه سطح 0، 5 و 10 درصد در نظر گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه در تیمار 20 درصد غنی‌سازی آهن به همراه 10 درصد غنی‌سازی فسفر به میزان 9/57 سانتی‌متر، مشاهده گردید. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که افزایش سطح غنی‌سازی آهن از صفر به 20 درصد باعث افزایش 4/42 درصدی وزن خشک اندام هوایی گیاه گردید که این اثر در مورد غنی‌سازی فسفر 9/24 درصد گزارش شد. در تیمار 20 درصد غنی‌سازی آهن، اضافه شدن 5 درصد فسفر در مقایسه با تیمار عدم غنی‌سازی فسفر، وزن خشک اندام هوایی را 23 درصد افزایش داد. اثرات متقابل غنی‌سازی همزمان کمپوست، باعث افزایش غلظت عناصر فسفر (3/2 برابر)، پتاسیم (14 درصد) و آهن (45 درصد) در اندام هوایی گیاه گردید. با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده غنی‌سازی 20 درصد آهن به همراه 5 درصد فسفر، تیمار مناسبی خواهد بود که علاوه بر بهبود مؤلفه‌های رشدی گیاه، مانع از جذب لوکس می‌گردد. لذا استفاده از ضایعات و ترکیبات ارزان‌قیمت به عنوان غنی‌ساز علاوه بر افزایش بهره‌وری از این مواد می‌تواند با افزایش کیفیت کود آلی، به ارتقای شرایط تغذیه‌ای و بهبود عملکرد گیاه، منجر شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Enriched Compost with Iron Refuse and Phosphate Soil on Growth Parameters of Tomato

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Mohamadi 1
  • Nafiseh Rang Zan 2
  • Habibollah Nadian Ghomsheh 3

1 M.Sc student, Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani,, Iran

2 Assistant professor, Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction Due to the inefficiency of some chemical fertilizers of trace elements, the high cost of import organic fertilizers containing these elements and also the lack of proper uptake of phosphorus in soils in arid and semi-arid regions, and the desire to produce better quality products, the use of organic matter enriched with nutrients such as phosphorus and iron seems essential. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of different levels of iron refuse and phosphate soil as an enrichment and investigating the interaction effects of enrichment on the growth components of tomato plants.
Materials and Methods To study the effect of compost enriched with iron refuse and phosphate soil on tomato plant, pot experimen was conducted with experimental treatments including compost enriched with iron refuse at three levels of 0, 5 and 20%, compost enriched with phosphate soil at three levels 0, 5% and 10%. To prepare the potting soil before applying the treatments, 10% by weight of sand was added to the soil. Iron refuse were prepared from the factory of National Iranian Steel Industrial Group and phosphate soil from Esfordi phosphate company and after air drying, the percentage of iron and total phosphorus were measured using standard methods (wet digestion). Compost prepared from green space wastes was also digest to investigate some chemical properties. Obtained data were performed analysed in factoriall in completely randomized design with three replications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and mean comparisons were performed by Duncan's multiple range test. Charts were drawn using Excel software.
Results and Discussion The results showed the highest plant height was observed in the treatment of 20% iron enrichment with 10% phosphorus enrichment at the rate of 57.9 cm. Comparisons of the mean effect of iron enrichment on total chlorophyll in tomato leaves showed that in general, with increasing the percentage of iron, total chlorophyll increased by 17.6 and 18.2%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. In other words, enrichment of compost with iron refuse increases the plant chlorophyll content by 39%, which is 34% for phosphorus enrichment. The maximum chlorophyll content of the plant was observed in the treatment of 20% iron enrichment with 10% phosphorus, which was not significantly different from the 20% iron enrichment treatment and 5% phosphorus enrichment treatment. Therefore, simultaneous enrichment of compost with iron and phosphorus can increase the quality of crops, especially leafy vegetables. According to the results, increasing the level of iron enrichment from zero to 20% caused 42.4% increase in plant dry weight, which is reported to be 24.9% for phosphorus enrichment. In general, as expected, with increasing the percentage of phosphorus in compost, the concentration of phosphorus in the shoot of tomato plant increased. Iron concentration in the plant increases by 10.9% with increasing phosphorus enrichment level from zero to 5%; In contrast, the use of phosphate soil at the level of 5% caused a decrease in zinc and copper concentrations of the plant by 21.5% and 15.2%, respectively. In many cases, the phosphorus and iron have reducing effects on each other due to the deposition of soluble iron in the form of insoluble phosphate compounds. According to the results of the present study, when an organic medium such as compost is used to add these two elements to the soil, the effect of organic matter on the formation of soluble chelates can increase the amount of avalable iron. Organic matter also has an undeniable effect on preventing the stabilization of phosphorus, which causes its release due to the direct decomposition of organic matter or the production of organic acids. Cupper was found to be more sensitive to increasing the amount of phosphorus in soil.
Conclusion The use of enriching compounds by improving plant nutritional conditions can lead to improve effects of organic amendments such as compost. The use of phosphate-enriched compost and iron refuse, increased the yield of tomato plants. According to the results, high levels of enrichment to some extent limit the uptake of zinc and copper, which is related to the interaction of elements with each other and changes in concentration ratios. Due to the lack of micronutrients in most crops and horticulture and the competition of elements in the soil, in many cases there is a decline in product quality, so it is suggested that following the present study, some studies to be conducted to investigate the simultaneous enrichment of other micronutrients such as zinc and copper and balance dose of enrichment so that maximum absorption is achieved simultaneously for all target elements. The use of waste from different sources to balance the enrichment of organic materials, in addition to reducing costs, will lead to the recycling of large volumes of waste.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Compost
  • Enrichment
  • Iron refuse
  • Phosphate soil
  • Tomato
مراجع

  1. References

    1. Abbaspour, A. Kalbasi, M. and Shariatmadary, H. 2004. Effect of steel converter sludge as iron fertilizer and soil amendment in some calcareous soils. Journal of plant nutrition, 27 (2): 377-394.
    2. Adediran, J. A., Taiwo, L. B., Akande, M. O., Sobulo, R. A., and Indiwu, O. J. 2004. Application and Inorganic fertilizer for sustainable maize and cowpea yields in Nigeria.Journal of plant nutrition, 27: 1163-1181.
    3. Ansal, M.D., Kaur, K., and Kaur, V.I. 2016. Evaluation of Azolla Compost as Bio-fertilizer in Carp Culture. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 33 (2): 191-196.
    4. Asgharipour, W.R., and Rafiei, M. Effects of Municipal Compost on Germination and Growth of Tomato Seedlings. Water and Soil Science, 19: 18-21.
    5. Ashrafi, A., Shariatmadari, H., and Rezainezhad, Y. 2011. Enrichment of organic fertilizers with iron compounds. 8th Iranian Soil Science Congress. Collection of articles on soil fertility and plant nutrition, PP: 72-78.
    6. Atiyeh, R.M., Dominquez, J. Subler, S. and Edwards, C. A. Change in biochemical properties of cow manure during processing by earthworms (Eisenia anderi, Bouche’) and Effects on Seedling Growth. Pedobiologia, 44: 709-724.
    7. Boltz, D. F. and Howell, J. A. 1978.Colorimetric Determination of Nonmetales.John Willey and Sons, New York. PP.197-202.
    8. Chu, H. Y., Lin, X. G., Takeshi, F and Morimoto, S. 2007. Soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, and bacterial community structure in response to long-term fertilizer management. Soil Biological and Biochemistry, 39 (13): 2971-2976.

    9.     Dang, Y.P., Dalal, R.C., Routley, R., and Schwenke, G.D. 2006. Subsoil constraints to grain production in the cropping soils of the north-eastern region of Australia: an overview. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 46 (1): 19-35.

    1. Dehghan, M.H., Bahamnyar, M.A., Salek, S., and Kakziyan, A. 2012. Effect of application of compost and vermicompost enriched with chemical fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on some biological indicators of soil quality in basil rhizosphere (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, Soil and Water Sciences, 16: 187-198.
    2. El-Baruni, B. and S.R. Olsen. 2011. Effect of manure on solubility of phosphorus in calcareous soils. Soil Science Journal, 4: 128-141.
    3. 2005. Use of phosphate rock for sustainable agriculture. FAO Fertilizer and Plant Nutrition Bulletin No. 13. Rome.
    4. Fekri, M., and Gharanjik, L. 2015. Effect of phosphorus and pistachio green skin on growth and concentration of some nutrients of pistachio seedlings (Pistacia Vera). Science and technology of greenhouse crops, 23 (2): 47-60.
    5. Fonseca, R., Canário, T.M., Morais, F.J., and Barriga, A. S. 2011. Phosphorus sequestration in Fe-rich sediments from two Brazilian tropical reservoirs. Applied Geochemistry. 26: 1607-1622.
    6. Gandomkar, A., and Salimpur, S. 2005. The effect of organic matter compost and chemical fertilizers on yield and absorption of trace elements in citrus. 9th Iranian Soil Science Congress, Tehran.
    7. Ghorashi, L.S., Haghnia, Gh. Lakzian, A. and Khorasani, R. 2012. Effect of lime, phosphorus and organic matter on maize ability for iron uptake. Journal of Water and Soil (Agricultural Science and Technology), 26 (4): 818-825.
    8. Gunes, A. and Inal, A. 2009. Phosphorus efficiency in sunflower cultivars and its relationships with phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc and manganese nutrition. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 32: 1201-1218.
    9. Hamada, A. M. and EL-enaty, A.E. 1994. Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element. Content and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants. Biologia Plantarum, 36: 75-81.
    10. Hashemi-Majd, K., and Golchin, A. 2009. The Effect of Iron-Enriched Vermicompost on Growth and Nutrition of Tomato. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11: 613-621.
    11. Herrera, F., Castillo, J.E., Chica, A. F., and Lopezbellido, L. 2008. Use of municicpalsolid wast compost (MSWC) as a growing medium in the nursery Production of tomato plants. Bio-resource technology, 99: 287-296.
    12. Honarjoo, N., and Abedi, M. 2013. Partial trace element reference. Written by Stephen Peace, J. and Benton Jones. University of Mashhad Publications.
    13. Jones, J.B. 2001. Laboratory Guides forConducting Soil Tests and Plant Analysis.CRC Press, Boca Raton.
    14. Khavazi, K., F. Nourgholipour, and M. J. Malakouti. 2001. Effect of Thio-bacillus and
      phosphate solublizer bacteria on increasing P availability from rock phosphate for corn.
      International Meeting on Direct Application of Rock Phosphate and Related Technology,
      Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    15. Kou, S. 1996. Phosphorous, In: "Methods of Soil Analysis". Sparks, D. L, (Ed.), Part III, Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Series No.5, SSSA, Madison, WI. PP. 869-912.
    16. Kumar, R., Verma, D., Singh, B.L., and Kumar, U. 2010. Composting of sugar-cane waste by-products through treatment with microorganisms and subsequent vermicomposting. Bioresource Technology, 101(17): 6707-6711.
    17. Lazkano, C., Arnold, J., Tato, A., Zaller, J.G., and Dominguez, J. 2009. Compost and vermicompost as nursery pot components2009: Effects on tomato plant growth and morphology. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(4): 944-951.
    18. Lichtenthaler, H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of phytosynthetic biomembranes. Methods Enzymol. 148: 350-382.
    19. Lindsay, W.L. 2001. Chemical Equilibria in Soils. Blackburn Press, PP. 212-234.
    20. Malakoti, M.J., and Tehrani, M.M. 2016. The role of micronutrients in increasing yield and improving the quality of agricultural products (micro elements with macro effect). 3rd Tarbiyat Modarres Press. PP: 32-33.
    21. Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B., Ronchi, V., Benedicto, S., and Howard, L. 2012. Humic substances to reduce salt effect on plant germination and growth. Commun. Soil Science and Plant Analatical, 33: 365-378.
    22. Mathers, A.C., Thomas, J.D. Stewart, B.A. and Herring J.E. 2011. Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer Effects on Sorghum and Sunflower Growth on Iron‐Deficient Soil. Agronomy Journal, 72 (6): 1025-1029.
    23. Mosavi, M., Bahmanyar, M., and Pirdashti, H. 2012. Rice response to longtime application of vermicompost separately and enriched with different chemical fertilizers. Journal of Crop Production, 5 (2): 19-35.
    24. Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E. 1996.Total Carbon, Organic Carbon and OrganicMatter, In: "Methods of Soil Analysis". PartIII, Chemical Methods, SSSA Book Series 5, SSSA, Madison, WI. PP. 153-188.
    25. Olsen, S.R. and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Phosphorus. In A. Klute (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part1 ‌‌chemical and biological properties. SSSA, Madison, WI, PP: 403-427.
    26. Plessner, O.E., Chen, Y., Shenker, M. and Tel-Or, E. 1998. Iron-enriched Azolla as a slow release bio fertilizer for cucumber plants grown in a hydroponic system. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 21 (11): 2357-2367.
    27. Preusch, P. L., and Tworkoski, T. J. 2000. Weed Suppression N and P mineralization in an orchard mulched with composted poultry litter. Scientia Horticulturae, 30: 35-39.
    28. Rafiyan E.Z. 2013. Application of Mobarakeh Steel Company slag as iron fertilizer in corn. MSc Thesis, Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan.
    29. Rezai-Motlagh., M. 2013. Effect of application of iron-enriched organic matter in comparison with Fe-EDDA and iron sulfate on growth factors and iron concentration in tomatoes in calcareous soils. MSc Thesis, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz.
    30. Senthil Kumar, P.S., Aruna Geetha, S., Savithri, P., Mahendren, P.P., Jagadeeeswaran, R. and Raghunath, K. P. 2003. Comparison of CVA, DRIS, MDRIS and CND norms in leaves of turmeric crop in Erode district of Tamil Nadu State. Indian Journal of Environment and Ecoplanting, 7(3), 511-518.
    31. Shafi-Adib, Sh., Amini, M., and Modares, S.A. 2015. Investigation of application of biological and chemical fertilizers of phosphorus on quantitative and qualitative yield of Hypericum perforatum. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31 (21): 1-15.
    32. Sharafodin, Sh., and Fazeli, F. 2015. Effect of iron microclate and iron sulfate on yield and yield components of thymus daenensis. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 31 (2): 374-382.
    33. Smith, S. E. 1982. Inflow of phosphate into mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants of Trifolium subterraneum at different levels of soil phosphate. New Phytologist, 90 (2): 293-303
    34. Tejada, M., and Gonzalez, J.L. 2016. Crushed cotton gin compost on soil biological properties and rice yield. Europian Journal of Agronomy, 25: 22-29.
    35. United State Department of Agriculture. Methods for soil characterization, Saline and Alkali soils. Agriculture, Chapter 6, Hand book 60.
    36. Wallace, A., E.M. Romney and R.B. Clark., 2010. Corn inbreds differing in efficiency to Zn. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2: 225 –229.
    37. Yao, M. 2002. Application of Phosphorus, Iron, and Silicon Reduces Yield Loss in Rice Exposed to Water Deficit Stress. Agronomy Journal, 72 (6): 1025-1029.
    38. Zahid, M. A., Rashid, A., and Din, J. 2000. Balanced nutrient managementin chickpea. International Chickpea and Pigeonpea Newsletter, 7: 24-26.
    39. Zarinkafsh, M. 2015. Soil Fertility and Productivity. Tehran University Press.
    40. Zazouli, M., Bagheri Ardebilian, M., Ghahramani, E., Ghorbanian Alah Abad, M. 2009. Principles of Compost Production Technology. Tehran: Khaniran, p.25,49,259,265,268,270.
    41. Zhang, Z., Rengel, Z., and Meney, K. 2009. Kinetics of ammonium, nitrate and phosphorus uptake by Canna indica and Schoenoplectus validus. Aquatic Botany, 91 (2): 71-74.
مهندسی زراعی
دوره 43، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 549-567
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار