مهندسی زراعی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پیوندهای مفید

پرسش‌های متداول

فرایند پذیرش مقالات

ارتقاء سامانه و بهینه‌سازی عملکرد دستگاه جداکننده دانه آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، بخش مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شیراز شیراز، ایران

2 هیأت علمی، بخش مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

3 هیأت علمی، بخش مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشگاه شیراز شیراز، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به هزینه بر و زمان بر بودن برداشت دستی و تلفات تا حدود 46 درصد هنگام برداشت آفتابگردان با کمباین، روش نیمه مکانیزه برای جداسازی دانه از طبق با دستگاه مورد پژوهش انتخاب شد. در این پژوهش دستگاه جداکننده دانه آفتابگردان ساخته شده توسط جهانی (1393) به واحد بوجاری مجهز گردید و راندمان جداسازی از طریق بهبود تنظیمات دستگاه ارتقا یافت. آزمایش­ها در سرعت دورانی استوانه­های جداکننده در چهار سطح (300، 450، 510 و 600 دور بر دقیقه) و محتوای رطوبت دانه در چهار سطح (7، 15، 20 و 27 درصد بر پایه خشک) با سه تکرار انجام شد. سپس مقادیر درصد جدایش دانه­ها از طبق، درصد تمیزی و درصد شکستگی محاسبه گردید. نتایج نشان داد تأثیر رطوبت و سرعت دورانی استوانه­ها و اثر متقابل این دو بر درصد جدایش در سطح احتمال 1% معنادار بود. اثر رطوبت بر درصد تمیزی در سطح 1% معنادار بود اما اثر سرعت دورانی استوانه­ها و اثر متقابل دو عامل بر درصد تمیزی معنادار نبود. اثر رطوبت و سرعت و اثر متقابل این دو عامل بر درصد شکستگی در سطح احتمال 1% معنادار بود. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده از این پژوهش سرعت دورانی 600 دور بر دقیقه و محتوای رطوبت 20 درصد که­ حاصل آن مقدار درصد جدایش 6/94 و درصد شکستگی 27/0 بود به عنوان مقادیر بهینه برای سرعت و رطوبت پیشنهاد می‌گردد. در این سرعت و محتوای رطوبتی ظرفیت خروجی 268 کیلوگرم بر ساعت و درصد تمیزی 68 درصد بدست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

System upgrade and performance optimization of a sunflower seed Detacher unit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Amiri 1
  • Seyed Mehdi Nassiri 2
  • Mohammad Hossein Raoufat 3
  • Mohammad Amin Nematollahi 3

1 Former Graduate Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Shiraz

2 Faculty Member, Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Shiraz

3 Faculty Member, Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Shiraz

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Oilseeds after cereals ranked at second place as human’s food sources. Among them, sunflower is one of the main oilseed for cultivation. Because of increasing demand rate for edible oil import, it is necessary to avoid any grain loss during harvesting and processing of oilseeds. In some sunflower fields, mechanical harvesting is hardly done by combines due to difficulty for movement as well as the small-cultivated area. Then, manual harvesting and processing of sunflower heads and grains are appropriate and most used field operations. Detachments of grains from heads is a tedious work and labor-intensive operation. Also, form medical and ergonomic point of views it makes physical problem for workers. All commercial equipment thrash field dried sunflower heads, entirely. Therefore, some wastes are produced at preharvest (in field), threshing and separation processes. Some research have been conducted to adjust combine to decrease grain losses. Cylinder rotational speed and type, distance between cylinder and concave, heads moisture content and threshing unit feed rate were such adjustment. However, none of the detached grains from head without head threshing. On the other hand, losses to about ‎‏46% during harvesting the ‎sunflowers with the combine, a partially mechanized approach for grain detachment was chosen in this study. ‎
Materials and methods: To do this an existing sunflower seed detacher unit (Jahani, 2014) was equipped with cleaning unit. In addition, the unit efficiency was improved by optimizing the device settings. This device consisted of a feeding conveyor belt, two series detacher cylinder with 8 cm rubber fingers covered all through their peripherals in segregated patterns, cleaning unit, two electric motor and deriving mechanism (belt and pulley). Cleaning unit comprised an axial flow fan and an inclined guide canal for grain movement. Fan was selected in such a way that separate the gross waste materials mixed with grain, detached from heads by laboratory test using a terminal velocity test rig. Slope and material of canal was determined by laboratory trials using a test rig to measure sliding coefficient of grain batches. For evaluating the unit performance, laboratory experiment was carried out at four levels of rotational speed of the detacher cylinders (300, 450, 510 and 600 rpm) and four levels of grain moisture content (7, 15, 20 and 27% db) in three replications. Cylinder rotational speed and feeding belt speed were selected based on Janani’s research results. Feeding belt speeds were adjusted in such a way that the speed ration of linear velocity of cylinders to feeding belt were constant and about 72.2 as reported by Jahani (2014). Moisture content levels were considered based on harvesting, processing and storage conditions of sunflower grains. Raw data were used to compute percentage of seed detachment, percentage of separation and grain fracture percentage.
Results: ANOVA revealed that main factors of cylinders rotational speed and moisture contents and their interaction significantly affected percentage of separation (p < 0.01). Increasing in moisture content reduced the amount of detached grains from head due to flexibility of grains at higher moisture content and damping impact of rubber fingers. In addition, it was reported that lower moisture content produced lower adhesive force between grain outer surface and the pod. On the hand, increasing in rotational speed increased the amount of detached seed because of impact of rubber fingers and stored kinetic energy in shelled grains. The most detaching was obtained at 600 rpm and 5% moisture content. The rotational speed and grain moisture content and their interaction significantly (p < 0.01) affected percentage of fractured grains. Moisture content had more share for grain failure than rotational speed. Higher fracture was observed at lower moisture contents and higher cylinder speeds, so that it was around 6.4% at 600 rpm and 7% moisture. According to the results, cleaning was affected by moisture content alone and higher percentage took place at lower moisture contents because of lighter produced wastes. Overall, considering all above aforementioned indices, cylinder rotational speed of 600 rpm and grain moisture content of 20 % was the appropriate adjustment set for grain detaching. In such adjustment, detachment rate was as high as 94.6 %, grain fracture was limited to 0.27 %, cleaning was 68 % and the output capacity of the machine of 268 kgh-1 was achieved. More adjustment on fan speed is required to increase the rate of cleaning to approach hundred percent of cleanness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sunflower
  • cleaning
  • oilseeds
  • processing
مراجع

  1. References

    1. Abdel-motaleb, I. A., Ibrahim, M. M., & Yousef, I. S. (1999). A study on harvesting of soybean and sunflower crops. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 16(2), 337-351.
    2. Adekanye, T. A., & Olaoye, J. O. (2013). Performance evaluation of motorized and treadle cowpea threshers. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Journal, 15(4), 300-306.
    3. Adekanye, T. A., Osakpamwan, A. B., & Osaivbie, I. E. (2016). Evaluation of a soybean threshing machine for small scale farmers. Agricultural Engineering International CIGR Journal, 18(2), 426-434.
    4. Akbarloo, H., Dehrouye, A. R., and Arashi, Y. (1395). Sunflower cultivation. Textbook Publishing Company of Iran.
    5. Anil, J., Guruswamy, T., Desai, S. R., Basavaraj, T., & Joshi, A. (1998). Effect of cylinder speed and feed rate on the performance of thresher. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 1120-1123.
    6. Bagvand, A., Lorestani, A. N., and Abdolmohammadi, A. (1392) Effect of moisture content on biophysical properties and chemical properties of sunflower grain Farokh cultivar. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Research, 3, 1-7.
    7. Chavshgholi, A., Abdollahpour, Sh. A., Abdi, R., and Babai, A. (1392). Study of appropriate methods for separation of sunflower seeds and foreign (non-grain) materials by determining the aerodynamic and physical properties of the product under different humidity conditions. Journal of Mechanical Science in Agricultural Machinery, 2, 79-98.
    8. De Figueiredo, A. K., Baumler, E., Riccobene, I. C., & Nolasco, S.M. (2011). Moisture-dependent engineering properties of sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics. Journal of Food Engineering, 102, 58-65.
    9. El-Khateeb, H., Sorour, H., & Saad, M. I. (2008). Operating Factors Affecting Using Two Different Threshing Machines for Threshing Sunflower Heads. The 15th Annual Conference of the Misr Society of Agicultural Engineering. Egypt.
    10. Gharib eshghi, A. (1393). Oilseed Crop Farming. Institute of Applied Higher Education of Agricultural Jihad.
    11. Ghiyasi, P., Masoumi, A. A., and Hemmat, A. (1395). Design, Manufacture and Evaluation of Combine Crushers and Crushers for Sunflower Harvesting. 10th National Congress of Machinery and Agriculture Engineering, Iranian Biosystems Mechanization. Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
    12. Goel, A. K., Behera, D., Swain, S., & Behera, B. K. (2009). Performance evaluation of a low cost manual sunflower thresher. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 43(1), 37-41.
    13. Gupta, R. K., & Das, S. K. (1997). Physical properties of sunflower seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 66, 1-8.
    14. Gupta, R. K., Arora, G., & Sharma, R. (2007). Aerodynamic properties of sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 79, 899-904.
    15. Jahani, F. (2014). Design, Manufacture and Evaluation of a Sunflower Seed Separator (MSc Thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran).
    16. Khodabakhshian Kargar, R., Emadi, B., Abbaspour Fard, M. H., and Saeediarad, M.S. H. (1389). Determining of Physical Properties of Sunflower Seed under quasi-static loading. The 6th National Conference on Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization. Tehran University, Karaj.
    17. Khodabakhshian Kargar, R., Emadi, B., Abbaspour Fard, M. H., and Saeediarad, M.S. H. (1390). Determination of physical and aerodynamic properties of Azar Gol sunflower seed. Iran Biosystems Engineering Journal, 42, 43-51.
    18. Kirk, I. W., & H. E. McLeod. (1967). Cotton seed rupture from static energy and impact velocity. Transaction of the ASAE, 10(2), 217-219
    19. Nassiri, S. M. (1388). Unit Operations of Agricultural Products. Navid Publications, Iran: Shiraz.
    20. Rizvi, S. H., Amjad, A. N., and Shaheen, M. A. (1993). Comparative performance of different threshing drums for sunflower. American Management Association, 24(1), 23-27
    21. Schild, J., Baltensperger, P., Lyon, P., Hein, G., & Kerr, E. (1991). Sunflower production in Nebraska. G 91 -1026-A. :1-7.
    22. Seifi, M. R., Pickering, B., and Kalhor, M.S. (1390). Agriculture and cultivation of oilseeds. Agricultural Education and Promotion Publications.
    23. Spokas, L., Steponavicius, D., & Petkevicius, S. (2008). Impact of technology parameters of threshing apparatus on grain damage. Agronomy Research, 6(9), 367-376.
    24. Sudajan, S., Salokhe, V. M., & Triratanasirichai, K. (2002). effect of type of drum, drum speed and feed rate on sunflower threshing. Biosystems Engineering, 83(4) , 413-421.
    25. Vejasit, A., & Salokhe, V. M. (2004). Studies on machine-crop parameters of an axial flow thresher for threshing soybean. Agricultural Engineering International: the CIGR Journal, 6, 1-12.
مهندسی زراعی
دوره 43، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 441-458
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار