نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• حدیث مهرگان ¹
• شعبان قوامی جولندان ²
• محمد اسماعیل خراسانی فردوانی ²

¹ دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

² استادیار گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهمترین مسائل موجود در کاربرد ماشین­های کشاورزی، تنظیم دقیق فشار باد تایر، متناسب با شرایط کاری و محیطی است که در آن بکار گرفته می­شوند. عدم این تناسب می­تواند بر طول عمر مفید تایر، میزان سوخت مصرفی، تلفات زمان کاشت، داشت، برداشت و غیره تاثیر منفی داشته باشد. لذا لزوم طراحی و ساخت سامانه اندازه­گیری و کنترل خودکار فشار باد تایر ضروری خواهد بود که در این پژوهش مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. جهت ارزیابی سامانه کنترلی دو سری آزمون در آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمون اول برای ارزیابی سرعت پاسخ سامانه جهت افزایش فشار باد تایر در دو سطح 8 تا 12 و 12 تاpsi  16 در فشارهای باد خروجی مخزن کمپرسور 5/43، 2/65 وpsi  87 در دو تابع زمان­بندی درجه یک و دو  انجام شد. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که اثر فشار باد خروجی مخزن، تابع زمان­بندی و سطح فشار باد تایر در سطح 1% معنی دار است، همچنین نتایج بدست آمده نشانگر افزایش سرعت پاسخ سامانه در فشار باد خروجی مخزنpsi  87 بود. در آزمون دوم، سرعت پاسخ سامانه در کاهش فشار باد تایر در دو سطح 20 تا 16 و 16 تاpsi  12، و دو تابع زمان­بندی درجه یک و دو  آزمون شد. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که اثر تابع زمان­بندی و سطح فشار تایر بر سرعت پاسخ سامانه در سطح 1% معنی دار بود، همچنین نتایج بیانگر افزایش سرعت پاسخ سامانه در تابع زمان­بندی درجه 2 بود. طبق نتایج با استفاده از تابع تخمین درجه دو تعداد مراحل تا رسیدن به فشار مطلوب به طور معنی داری کاهش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• برد آردوینو
• حسگر فشار
• مفصل دوار
• کنترل الکترونیکی
• تایر
• تراکتور

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design, fabrication and evaluation of the tractor's tire pressure control and adjustment system

نویسندگان [English]

• H. Mehregan ¹
• Sh. Ghavami Jolandan ²
• M. E. Khorasani Ferdavani ²

¹ Master Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction Today, in modern agriculture, the use of agricultural machines is inevitable. the tire is the last part of the power transmission system, which plays an essential role in controlling the tractor and transferring the tractor's reaction to the soil. Tires used in agricultural implements and tractors should be able to transport appropriately and have sufficient adhesion and slip. Several parameters affect these abilities, including tire diameter and width, tire shape, tire tread modulus, tire pressure and load on the tire, with the last two parameters, tire pressure and load on the tire two very important factor is the tire and surface contact, the tire's contact between the tire and the ground, the tire's involvement in the direction of travel, as well as the tensile and fuel consumption of cars and motor vehicles. Given the fact that the tire pressures/load of agricultural machinery are less attractive to the users, Due to the many benefits that the use of electronic control systems. Due to the many benefits that the use of electronic control systems, Today, the use of electronic control technologies is considered as an innovation. the automatic tire pressure control system could ensure the pressure stability. Tire pressure drop is detected, and the system automatically refills the tire according to the tire pressure requirements. Therefore,  the main aim of this paper is to set the tire pressure at the optimal value by designing an electronic control system for measuring and controlling tire pressure and evaluating the response speed of the system.
Materials and Methods This research work is mainly aimed at designing a tire pressure control the tire pressure. BD pressure sensor, Arduino board, voltage/pressure regulator, 5-volt double-channel relay module was utilized. Moreover,
Solenoid valve,  rotary joint along with compressor and reservoir was employed for controlling tire pressure. In this paper, a laboratory tire pressure control system was designed which can operate in both manual and automatic modes. In automatic mode, a series of ideal pressure (P1) is defined as the soil type, and the driver selects an ideal pressure for the system. If the tire pressure (P0) differs from the set pressure point (P1), then the control unit determines a time duration (T1) for the decrease/increase the pressure level to achieve the optimal setpoint. Besides, a manual mode allows the system to provide a wide range of pressure for the driver depending on the terrain encountered.  It is worthy of mentioning that the operation of the system in manual mode is the same as that of automatic mode. In this work, experiments were performed at three levels of output pressure (43.5, 65.2, 87 psi), two tire pressure reduction levels (20- 16 and 16 -12 psi), and two tire pressure increase levels (8 -12 and 12 -16 psi). The tests were laid out as a factorial in a completely randomized design with three replicates.
Results and Discussion The ANOVA results indicated that the effect of reservoir outlet pressure on the timing function and tire pressure was significant at the level of 1% (p-value <0.01), while the dual and triple impacts of the factors were not significant. The results also illustrated an increase in the speed of the system response at the output pressure of the reservoir of 87 psi. Also, two different scheduling functions were conducted to evaluate the speed of the system response to reduce the tire two levels of 20 to 16 and 16 to 12 psi. For this reason, two different scheduling functions were used. The ANOVA results indicate that the timing function and tire pressure level had a significant effect on the output parameters at the level of 1%.  Furthermore,  an increase in the speed of the system response in the second-order scheduling function was observed. Comparison of system performance with first and second time estimation functions at different reservoir pressures, as shown in Fig. 9, showed that the use of the second-order estimation function in all cases reduced the number of steps to reaching the desired pressure significantly.
Conclusion According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the replacement of the second-order scheduling function to control tire pressure, increased the speed of the system’s response, which results in keeping the right pressure at all times very accurately.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Arduino Board
• Pressure Sensor
• Rotary Joint
• Electronic Control
• Tire
• Tractor