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مقایسه روش‏های زیستی و شیمیایی در پالایش یک خاک آلوده به نفت خام

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

بخاطر گستردگی توزیع، سمیت و سرطان‏زایی، هیدروکربن‏های نفتی جز آلاینده‏های خطرناک بوده و حذف این آلاینده‏ها از خاک یک چالش بزرگ محسوب می شود. بر این اساس هدف از این پژوهش بررسی روش‏های شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی به منظور حذف نفت خام از خاکی با آلودگی مصنوعی است. در این مطالعه اثر باکتری‏های سودوموناس پوتیدا و باسیلوس لاتروسپروس به صورت کشت خالص و مخلوط(108 باکتری در هر گرم خاک) و همچنین سورفکتانت غیریونی توئین 20(دو درصد وزنی)  بر حذف نفت خام(دو درصد وزنی/وزنی)از خاک بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد تیمار شاهد با 4/2 درصد و تیمار کنسرسیوم میکروبی+تویین 20 با 78 درصد حذف نفت خام به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین میزان حذف را به خود اختصاص دادند. همچنین مشخص شد که کنسرسیوم باکتریهای سودوموناس پوتیدا و باسیلوس لاتروسپروس از کشت خالص این باکتری‏ها با 65 درصد حذف نفت خام، کارآمدتر است. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده باکتری سودوموناس پوتیدا نسبت به باکتری باسیلوس لاتروسپروس توانایی بیشتری در حذف نفت خام دارد. همبستگی مثبت و معنی داری در سطح یک­درصد بین مقادیر تنفس و کربن زیست­توده میکروبی­خاک با درصد حذف نفت خام به دست آمد. بالاترین میزان کربن زیست توده و تنفس خاک به ترتیب با میانگین mgCgdm -1 630/0 و mgCO2/g.day 536/0 درتیمار کنسرسیوم میکروبی و سورفکتانت و کمترین مقدار تنفس و کربن زیست توده میکروبی به ترتیب با mgCO2/g.day 172/0 و mgCgdm -1 118/0 مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این آزمایش روش زیست پالایی نسبت به روش شیمیایی بر حذف هیدروکربن‏های نفتی موثرتر است. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing Biological and Chemical Methods in Refining of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Varnaseri Ghand Ali 1
  • A. Moezzi 2
  • N. Enayatizamir 3
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مهندسی زراعی
دوره 38، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
بهمن 1394
صفحه 111-124
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